Charles Munch was born in 1891 in the Alsace-Lorraine region bordering France and Germany. At the time of his birth, this region was under German control, and so this champion of French music found himself born in Germany. Munch was influenced by both cultures and gained his first significant musical posts in Germany before reaching prominence in the Parisian musical scene.

His first Paris concert came in 1932 and was financed by his fiancee. However, Munch soon built up a fine reputation through conducting engagements with French orchestras. He became a champion of the music of Berlioz and gave first performances of works by a number of composers including Honegger and Roussel. In 1937, upon taking up a position at the Conservatoire de Paris (teaching conducting), Munch became the conductor of the Societe des Concerts du Conservatoire - The Paris Conservatoire Orchestra as it became known in the English speaking world.

Throughout the Second World War, Munch remained in Paris during its occupation to conduct the Conservatoire Orchestra and continue his teaching. He refused to collaborate with the occupying forces, refused to visit Germany for conducting engagements and would not perform contemporary German repertoire. He also gave financial assistance to the French Resistance, and for his wartime efforts was awarded the Legion d'Honneur (with red ribbon) in 1945 and the degree of Commandeur in 1952.

He was appointed music director of the Boston Symphony Orchestra in 1949. A post he was to hold for the rest of his life.

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